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Definition

Isenberg (2010,

S. 43)

The entrepreneurship ecosystem consists of a set of individual elements –such as

leadership, culture, capital markets, and open−minded customers – thatcombine in complex ways.

Feld (2012, S.

25 ff.)

The Boulder thesis states that a prosperous ecosystem has fourcharacteristics: (a) it is led by entrepreneurs; (b) it is inclusive whereeveryone is welcomed; (c) the involved people are committed long term (at least 20 years) to the ecosystem; and

(d) there are many opportunities for gathering, that is, a lot of events. (pp.25–28)

Spigel (2017, S.

1 f.)

Entrepreneurial ecosystems ... are the union of localized cultural outlooks,social networks, investment capital, universities, and active economic policies that create environments supportive of innovation−basedventures.

Entrepreneurial ecosystems are combinations of social, political,economic, and cultural elements within a region that support the development and growth of innovative start−ups and encourage nascent entrepreneurs and other actors to

take the risks of starting, funding, and otherwise assisting high−riskventures.

Cukier, Kon, & Lyons (2016, S.

1)

We define a start−up ecosystem as a „limited region within 30 miles (or 1−hrtravel) range, formed by people, their start−ups, and various types of supporting organizations, interacting as a complex system to create newstart−up companies

and evolve the existing ones.”

Gauthier, Penzel, &

Marmer (2017,

S. 24)

We defined ecosystems ... around the concept of a shared pool ofresources generally located within a 60−mile (100−km) radius around acenter point.

Theodoraki, Messeghem

(2017, S. 50)

The entrepreneurial ecosystem includes three dimensions: actors who formit and their interactions (formal and informal network), physicalinfrastructure, and

culture.